Is it necessary to place screws in the intervening vertebrae in two-level anterior cervical discectomy with fusion and plating?

ObjectiveThe clinical outcomes, radiological parameters, complication rate and the cost of implants in two-level ACDF with and without screws in the intervening segment were compared.MethodsA retrospective study of 68 patients who underwent 2-level ACDF from January 2014 to June 2016 was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: ACDF with screws in the intervening vertebra and those without screws in the intervening vertebra. Perioperative factors, clinical outcomes, postoperative complications, radiological parameters, and cost of the implants were evaluated in both groups.ResultsNo statistical differences in clinical outcomes, operative blood loss, hospital stay, restoration of cervical lordosis or segment height, postoperative complications, and fusion rate were found between the ACDF (middle vertebra with screw) and ACDF (middle vertebra without screw) groups (P > 0.05). But the operative time of added screw placement and cost of implants in the ACDF (middle vertebra without screw) group were significantly less than the ACDF (middle vertebra with screw) group (P < 0.05).ConclusionTwo kinds of screw placement with ACDF were found to be similar in terms of clinical outcomes. However, ACDF (middle vertebra without screw) was found to be superior to ACDF (middle vertebra with screw) in terms of the screw placement time and cost of implants.     

Could self-locking stand-alone cage reduce adjacent-level ossification development after aneterior cervical discectomy and fusion?

Numerous studies have shown that cervical arthrodesis is associated with the adjacent-segment pathology (ASP), such as adjacent-level ossification development (ALOD). However, it still remains largely unclear whether the self-locking stand-alone implant system can reduce the incidence of ALOD. In the present study, we prospectively recruited 120 patients with cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD) who were treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). These patients were randomly and evenly divided into the ROI-C group and plate group. Clinical and radiologic follow-up was performed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. Clinical evaluation included preoperative and postoperative assessments of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Neck Disability Index (NDI) score. The presence and severity of ALOD, as well as the C2-7 Cobb angle, were assessed on the lateral cervical films during follow-up. There were no significant differences in JOA and NDI scores at each time point during the follow-up period between the two groups. ALOD occurred in 8.8% of 58 patients and 6.7% of 104 levels in the cage group. Moreover, ALOD occurred in 20.1% of 57 patients and 17.8% of 101 levels in the plate group. The ALOD was more serious in the plate group compared with the cage group. The C2-7 Cobb angle was significantly improved compared with that before the operation and could be maintained during the follow-up in both groups. The self-locking stand-alone cage was efficacious for ACDF, and it could reduce the incidence of ALOD compared with anterior plate and cage.     

基于预测剂量引导的宫颈癌自动计划研究

目的:使用机器学习方法建立宫颈癌计划剂量预测回归模型，并将预测剂量引导生成Monaco 计划系统（TPS）可调用 的优化模板文件，实现宫颈癌的自动计划设计。方法:对50例宫颈癌术后调强治疗计划中的危及器官采集基于重叠体积直 方图的几何特征值和基于剂量直方图的剂量目标值，建模后将模型预测剂量结果自动生成Monaco TPS模板文件，进而由TPS 调用优化。使用该方法对另外10例未参与模型训练的测试病例进行自动计划设计，并和人工设计的计划进行对比分析。 结果:自动计划比手动计划的平均设计时间减少了40 min（P<0.05），且平均调优次数降低了3次（P<0.05），剂量学指标和计 划执行效率上两者无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论:基于预测剂量引导的宫颈癌自动计划可以达到临床要求，并且提高了计划 设计效率。     

重视高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染和子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变的过度诊治

        80%的女性一生中都可能会感染人乳头瘤病毒（HPV），其中大多数是一过性的感染，能被自身的免疫系统所清除。高危型 HPV持续感染是子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变的主要原因。近年来，随着筛查的普及、生活水平的提高、诊断技术的提高等，多数子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变能够得到早期诊断和及时治疗。然而，由于对高危型HPV感染和子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变诊断和治疗适应证掌握不严格，出现了不必要的筛查和不必要的阴道镜活检等过度诊断，对不需治疗的患者实施了治疗、简单治疗复杂化等过度治疗现象。本文针对高危型HPV感染和子宫颈鳞状上皮内病变的过度诊治问题进行讨论。 浏览更多请关注本刊微信公众号及当期杂志。     

Laparoscopic versus open radical hysterectomy in women with early stage cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This review aimed to evaluate the short term and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) versus abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) for early-stage cervical cancer. A search of PubMed, Medline and Scopus databased from 2000 to 2018 was conducted. Thirty studies were retrieved including 22 retrospective cohort studies and 8 prospective cohort studies. LRH was comparable with ARH in 5-year overall survival (RR = 1.0. 95%CI 0.98–1.03; p = 0.33) and 5-year disease-free survival (RR = 1.02 95%CI 0.97–1.06; p = 0.98). The majority of included studies reported the negative cancer factors which drive adjuvant therapy were similar between two approaches. LRH was associated with lower blood loss and blood transfusion, less postoperative complication, shorter hospital stays and similar intraoperative complication rate compared to ARH. Our data suggested LRH for early-stage cervical cancer was as safe and effective in terms of long-term outcomes, but with lower surgical morbidities.     

子宫颈癌腹腔镜手术与开腹手术争议的解决之道——临床试验研究

        我国是子宫颈癌发病大国，新发病例为9.89万/年，死亡病例3.05万/年，新发病例占全球的19%［1］。根据中国子宫颈癌临床诊疗大数据库的资料，我国72.7%的子宫颈癌患者FIGO分期为ⅠA1～ⅡA2期可手术病例，接受手术为主的综合治疗的患者占72.9%［2］。此外，与西方国家不同，手术病例多是我国子宫颈癌诊疗中的一大特点。根据中国子宫颈癌临床诊疗大数据库的数据，中国子宫颈癌腹腔镜手术的比例从2009年的7.8%快速升高，至2016年腹腔镜手术占比高达79.1%，子宫颈癌腹腔镜手术在中国深受医生患者的喜爱。 浏览更多请关注本刊微信公众号及当期杂志。     

Utility of rotational thromboelastometry in total hip replacement revision surgery (case-control study)

Total hip replacement revision surgery is accompanied by significant blood loss. Using rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) perioperatively to diagnose coagulopathy may help to provide rapid aimed therapy and thus decrease blood loss and the consumption of transfusion products. The aim of this case-control study was to find out whether point of care using of ROTEM may reduce blood loss and the consumption of blood transfusion products in hip replacement revision surgery.Data were prospectively collected from patients who underwent hip replacement revision surgery in the period 2017 to 2018 when the management of bleeding and coagulopathy was based on the results of ROTEM. Data were compared with a group of historical controls for the period 2015 to 2016 when bleeding and coagulopathy management was not based on ROTEM results. The consumption of blood transfusion products and perioperative blood loss were compared between the groups.The total number of analyzed patients was 90. Forty five patients were analyzed in the ROTEM group and the same number of patients were analyzed in the non-ROTEM group. Significantly decreased perioperative consumption of fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cells was found in the ROTEM, as well as decreased perioperative blood loss comparing to non-ROTEM group. All data were statistically different with P < .05.Perioperative management of bleeding and coagulopathy based on the results of ROTEM during hip replacement revision surgery seems to help to decrease perioperative blood loss and the consumption of blood transfusion products, especially fresh frozen plasma.